Construct,new,world,history,system world history

　　[Content summary]To constructs the new world history system, should function as the system to understand to intension and epitaxy of the world history, and also define the standard of establishing the system of new world history, on the basis of the existing research results, further improved. China and Japan and Korea S. edit historical textbook matter of east Asia jointly, are in order to strengthen the exchange and cooperation of the three countries scholars, get rid of the statements of a school, establish the new system that various countries can accept, construct the beneficial attempt of the new world history system.
　　 [Keyword]History of the world, System ,Stages
　　 中图分类号： C4 文献标识码：A文章编号：
　　
　　 In recent years, some scholars reached the construction of the history system in the world of attention-focusing to come up to academia, did some positive attempt establishing the system of scientific world history, apply understanding of history system in the world to new comprehensive history compile. From looking wholly, the academia is in a kind of state of contending at present, the understanding of world history system , phased method,etc. have not formed identical opinion yet.Plan to carry on simple combing at this point here, discuss an elementary view.
　　
　　 First, " history of the world " Meaning
　　
　　 To probe into the world history system question, should clear up the meaning of the history of the world firstly. As to its meaning, the academia was generally interpreted as the piecing together briefly of national historical records in the past; Today, under the globalization tide, generally inclined to the global history view, but the academia had theories to absorb disconnection operated with practice.
　　
　　 In our country, Mr. Zhou Gucheng has already carried on the world history teaching research as a whole as far back as the forties of the 20th century." Universal History " published in 1949, was about Mr. Zhou Gucheng"s objecttion to "the theory of the centre of Europe ". recommended studying the attempt of the world history with the overall view.Mr. Wu Yujin is recognized as the scholar who has made outstanding contributions in the building of world history system to our country. He thought: "The world history is an important branch"s discipline of history, contents since primitive for human history, isolate, dispersible crowd developed into whole world became one maintain close ties global course go on the systematic discussion and explain". In " World History " that he edited (Six -volume abbreviation behind)instructed world history to select suitable materials with a kind of whole thought and by stages, seemly, had certain weak point now, but it was on behalf of domestic academia supreme research competence at this problem at that time. " Universal History " that Mr. Wang SiDe edited in 2001 absorbed the newest achievement studied in recent years , developed to some extent to six -volume copy, but not jumped out already existing frame by stages from system.
　　
　　 China"s world history system was imitated from the Soviet Union at first, it stressesed the characteristic being to regard class struggle as the key link. In addition China regarding China as centre, with phase independence, history of China, at regard perimeter as safe tradition cause our country branch of history set up in world quite. Even now, quite a few of people think that studying the history of the world is to study history beyond China at home.
　　
　　 In the world, L S・ Stavrianos had already proposed in " Global History " in 1970 then in Staaf: This book is concerned whole mankind, but not it is or not westerners to confine to westerners. In 2000, how to research global history was regarded as the theme of the meeting at International Scientific Conference of History held in Norway.
　　
　　 We should abandon any rigid system while studying the world history , be based on science and establish the global history view.
　　
　　 After holding the meaning of the world history from broad sense, we can consider in terms of narrow sense. Marx said: "Whether world had existing all the time in the past, as history of the history of the world being a result. " It meant the forming of the world historyis a result of the course. Mr. Qi Shirong thought too: " Human history is to move towards the global and integrated course from the primitive, isolate, scattered crowd finally.In conformity with this, history has country"s historical recordses, regional history first too, then just there is world history " .Think in the " Universal History " preface that Wang SiDe edited" The modernized world process is a forming process of the world history ".Mr.Qian Shengdan pointed out " the modernization is from agricultural civilization to the transition of the industrial civilization " based on modernized era and science too .Mr. Luo RongQu thought the beginnings of condition and the world history started in modernization are identical.
　　
　　 The above-mentioned views are to deserve us definitely. The understanding of history narrow sense intension in the world makes our sight pay close attention to the research of the modern and contemporary world history . Some earlier views were "Modern world historyis basically history of capitalist period " . In the last few years, people have thought the modernization undoubtedly occupies very important position in the modern and contemporaryworld history , moreover, the modernized period after the modern developed country has already entered, and is fond of realizing the modernization in some less developed countries and developing countries. As to the modernization, the thinking of Mr. Luo Rongqu: In broad sense, the modernization as a world historical process, it regarded industrialization as the motive force, caused a course of modern globalized transitionfrom agricultural society toindustrial society;in narrow sense , the modernization is not a natural social reform, it is a process that developing countries by various means to catch up with the advanced industrial country ,and meet the evolution of the modern world environments rapidly. The concept of modernization, is different from the commonmodern historical concept . But,a series of development why but modernization is in not developing in world history,we can accurate estimation the trends of it, " as history of the world is a result ". So we can only grasp the law from the course of the history, consider the relevant problems of the world history with the representative result.
　　
　　 Second, the system of the world history and research standard
　　
　　 What is " The system " ? The view of Mr. Qian Shengdan was: "The system is historian"s understanding of history and explanation system, it determines what materials a historian selects for use to work out his statement of history. " The system is a standard of screening history in fact.
　　
　　 Since the system is a systematized standard to history, then the researcher"s view, position, era will undoubtedly influence historian"s choice to the historical data. And the science of establishing the system of scientific world history can only be relative. As to Chinese scholar, put emphasis on mostly basing on the national characteristic, write the world history with Chinese characteristics. As far back as the eighties of the 20th century, in the discussion regarding universal history was written, scholars noticed the distinct Chinese characteristics question. This position could be understood and accepted. Mr. Qian Shengdan took advantage of maintaining at dawn that constructed the new discipline system taking modernization as the theme, thought it is " reflecting the need of contemporary China , so has distinct era nature and strong distinct Chinese characteristics " .However, it should be good grasp of scale with Chinese characteristics ,can"t excessive national characteristic of emphasizing, have lost the core of the global history instead.
　　
　　 To object the view of the theory of western centre has already been proved by a lot of scholars in the world history system in the world. Europe in the center theory" was to prevail on whole in the 19th century " West European in the center theory " putting forward compile, in world " .[9]A lot of western historians conscientious studied history centered in Europe. For example,Leopold von Ranke did not think China, India had history. Hegel thought" If there were not the Mediterranean, the world history were not be known where to begin " in " Historical Philosophy " . Europe in the center theory reflected capitalist economy promote historical terms that productivity develops rapidly, Europe especially western Europe had especially played a leading role while the world was dispersed the whole of moving towards. Its shortcoming had lain in exaggerating this kind of function, had not confirmed the location to other civilizations.It is nonsensical to leave the forming of the modern capitalist economic system and talk about "The theory in the center of Europe " , and it is non- historical doctrine too to deny Europe once as the historical status of the capitalist centre of the world. So, we should pay attention to its rational factor when objecting to theory in the center of Europe, objective European role in history system forming process of the world of judgement.
　　
　　 Some principles of establishing the system of new world history and should adhere to. In Gunder Frank"s discussing " Capital of Silver ", he talked about three points: 1,There is only general history, there are no other history; 2,Greater than the individual"s sum wholly; 3,Horizontal macroscopical history that combines.The argumentation of the scholar of our country was more thorough. Guo ShengMing proposed we should also follow the principle of historical disparate development and historical works unified ". Wu Yujin pointed out in "World History" which was edited by him : " Whether human history, until our times, history longitudinal to crosswisely develops from extremely slow to the result advancing with higher speed from early human appearance " ," if an area lacks horizontal connection with other areas, its longitudinal development must be sluggish " . This holds the essential feature which had reflected the world history from the macroscopic perspective vertically and horizontally. The science of this kind of research standard is to cross vertically and horizontally while describing history, break through and narrate history of a country or simple limitation of describing foreign history simply, form level structure of world history. My view is we should combine thinking of existing outstanding research described above to establish the system of world history. Meanwhile, there should be some break through to some extent. Under the pattern that is globalized, we can"t be satisfied with studying history from the two-dimentional angle, but should study the evolution of history from the stereoscopic three-dimensional angle. Particularly, can reflect global interdynamic in the world history system that is established, according to the orbit of historical development, at a certain particular stage, can stress the centre of development, but on long terms, it is the interdynamic course of alternation sum of history in every continent.
　　
　　 Third,stages of world history
　　
　　 Through discussion described above, can facilitate our carrying on history by stages. In the eighties of the 20th century, the domestic scholar"s view let a hundred schools contend, since the "World History",which was edited by Wu Yujin and Qi Shirongin 1992, was originally published, the phased method in the book becomes the mainstream, the influential phased method is elucidating on it too in recent years. Qian Shengdan regarded modernization as theme divide the world modern and contemporary history into 5 stages dawn. Such phased method absorbed Luo Rongqu"s achievement of " Modernized New Theory ", it was a kind of innovation. " Universal History " that Wang SiDe editeddivided the world history into 3 arranges with 1500, 16-19 century and 20th century,Its innovation lies in regarding gradual progress of the civilization as the thread, and on the choice to the civilization, mainly regard industrial civilization as the land mark to define.
　　
　　 Whether modernized theory or gradual progress of industrial civilization, accord with certainly, can be called the statements of someone. However, they all appeared in the world history evolution , its concrete and quantized standard is difficult to be unified. So, how to establish the system of new world historyshould be needed further research and discussion.
　　
　　 It can be found out through describe above analysis that there are some deficiency in of world history. I also can not put out the brand-new either. We can get some new enlightenment by the publication" Modern and Contemporary History ofThree Kingdoms in East Asia " which by the scholars from three countries of China and Japan and Korea S. jointly compiled recently.
　　
　　The cooperation found a new mode which has strong political color.And according to the angle that the construction of world history system , this cooperation is within the range of three big countries of east Asia, a successful practice of new world history system to establishing, it offered a new kind of division of world history system mode. This kind of mode is that scholars of various countries strengthen exchange and cooperation, treat position and view of history in coordination, solve the dispute, thus can set up a standard which can let the historians from various countries accept. In this way, the world history system is not only the statements of one scholar, and become the result that experts of various countries cooperated with scholars, it is the real globalized eyes . Through this new mode, we can break through the two-dimentional angle that the domestic world history studies.And if we want this new mode of the real to be practiced, I"m afraid that there are very long way we will go.
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