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[高考英语写作技巧攻略] 高考英语写作技巧

发布时间:2018-07-01 17:07:46 浏览数:

  我们可以从写作技巧,来提高我们高考英语作文的能力水平。下面是小编给大家整理的高考英语写作技巧,供大家参阅!

  高考英语写作技巧

  一、如何写出“亮点”

  以前,英语作文评分的依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定。但是从2001年起实行的高考评分标准强调了内容要点,语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性, 鼓励学生尝试语言表达的多样化和复杂化。因此要写成一篇较有水准的英语作文,除了要点和语言准确度以外,还必须在语用、语法结构以及表达的多样性和灵活性上有所表现。句子单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分,相反,“有些许错误,但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”,给分档次仍在最高档。

  那么,英语作文如何才能得高分呢?以下几种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法,也是得高分的“亮点”:

  (一)改变句子的开头方式,不是一味地都是主语开头,接着是谓语、宾语,最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首,或用分词作状语等。

  试比较:

  1.(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day. (修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.

  2.(原文) The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news. (修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.

  (二)在整篇文章中,避免只使用一两个句式,要灵活运用诸如强调句、主从复合句、分词短语、倒装句、省略句等。

  1. 强调句

  (原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely.

  (修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.

  2. 主从复合句

  (原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

  (修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.

  3. 分词短语、由with或without引导的短语

  (原文) The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road. (修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.

  4. 倒装句

  (原文) I went to bed at 11:30.

  (修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.

  5. 省略句

  (原文) While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.

  (修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful.

  (三)通过分句和合句,增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

  (原文) He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.

  (修正) He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.

  (原文) We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.

  (修正) After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.

  (四)使用过渡词语

  写好了每个句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因为作为一篇文章,还必须行文连贯。那么,如何使文章行文连贯呢?这就要求我们在组成篇章时,要用好过渡性词语,过渡性词语就像是我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂一样,起着润滑的作用。

  常用过渡词

  并列递进:and, also, as well as, besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, etc.

  转折:but, yet, however, although, nevertheless, in spite of, after all, etc.

  因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result, etc. 对比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, instead of, etc.

  总结:in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in one word, to sum up, in conclusion, etc. 总之,要使文章的层次高,可读性强,考生应增加些较高级的词汇与复杂的结构,并运用恰当的连接词和复合句,只有这样,才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。

  高考英语写作高分秘诀

  一般来说,写作题的高考评分标准包含评分原则、内容要点、给分范围及要求、说明和参考范文五个部分。其中内容要点以及词数、标点、书写等方面的原则比较容易理解、操控和落实。但“评分时,应该注意的主要内容为……应用词汇和语法结构的数量……上下文的连贯性和语言的得体性”等评分原则,“应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致,具备较强的语言运用能力;有效地使用了语句间的连接成份,使全文结构紧凑”等给分要求、以及“对紧扣主题的适当发挥不予扣分”等说明,相对比较抽象,不易捉摸。

  一、 如何理解“应用了较多的词汇”

  这里所说的“词汇”,可以从高级词汇的使用、同义词的使用、短语的使用等方面去理解:

  (一) 高级词汇的使用

  评分标准第五档次的要求中提到,“词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。这里所说的“高级词汇”,指的是大纲中没有列入或没有识记要求,但在实际运用中却出现比较频繁的词汇,比如frustration, awkward, awfully, concern等词,都可以算作是“高级词汇”。考生若能够适当地运用一些高级词汇,定会给评卷老师留下深刻的印象。

  problem.)

  2. The pet dog is so lovely that almost everybody likes her. (换作高级词汇:The pet dog is so cute that almost everybody likes her.)

  3. The question is really difficult to understand. (换作高级词汇:The question is really confusing.)

  4. He had to face all the possible difficulties. (换作高级词汇:He had to cope with all the possible difficulties)

  (二) 同义词的使用

  英语中有些词的使用频率非常高,比如interesting, clever等,在表达时大家都很喜欢用,这样很容易令文章入千人一面的窘境中。但如果我们能够使用它们相应的同义词,就可以做到与众不同,给评卷者带来清新的感觉。例如:

  1. It will be very interesting. (换作同义词:It will be a lot of fun.)

  2. He was so clever that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.( 换作同义词:He was so smart that he could count all the way up to 100 at one year old.)

  3. Last summer I visited New Jersey with my parents. (换作同义词:Last summer I toured New Jersey with my parents.)

  (三) 适当利用短语取代单词 1. I can’t find any way to solve the problem. (换作高级词汇:I can’t find any solution to the

  总体而言,使用短语的难度比单词要大一些,因此适当运用短语更能显出作者的功力。例如:

  1. Suddenly I had a good idea. (换作短语:Suddenly I came up with a good idea.)

  2. Take a moment to see what is happening around you. (换作短语:Take a moment to see what is going on around you.)

  3. Everyone should do his or her best. (换作短语:Everyone is supposed to do his or her best.)

  二、 如何理解“应用了较多的语法结构”

  固定句式(如感叹句、复合结构、强调句型等)、定语从句、现在分词短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。这些

  (一) 使用固定句式 结构的正确使用,可以使文章的语言充满层次感,从而较好地反映写作者的语言运用能力。

  1. She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help.(使用before one can do sth.结构:

  She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help.)

  2. The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it. (使用倒装结构:Not until

  (二) 使用现在分词结构

  everybody takes care of it will the environment improve.)

  现在分词结构可以表达伴随、原因等状语,因此几乎在任何文章中都可以用得上。现在分词短语可以使句子的

  表达更加简洁、生动,而且也使前后两个动作的衔接更加紧密。例如:

  1. Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another and this bridges the gap among different

  races or cultures. (换作现在分词短语:Nowadays, we can easily travel from one place to another, thus bridging the gap among different race or cultures.)

  2. People worked together on the assembly line.(换作现在分词短语:People worked together on the

  (三) 使用定语从句 assembly line, moving quickly and efficiently.)

  定语从句的使用,不仅能使上下文更加流畅,也同时能充分展示写作者运用较复杂的语法结构的能力。例如:

  1. My favorite living writer is Roddy Doyle. I think he is a genius. (使用定语从句:My favorite living

  writer is Roddy Doyle, who I think is a genius.)

  2. My aunt bought me a book. The title of the book is All about USA. (使用定语从句:My aunt bought

  me a book, whose title is All about the USA.)

  三、 如何理解“上下文的连贯性”

  评分标准指出,书面表达应该注意“上下文的连贯性”,并能“有效地使用语句间的连接成份,使全文结构紧

  凑”。这里说的连贯性,就是指通过连接词(包括并列连词,从属连词和连接性副词)、非谓语动词短语等语法成分,使两个或多个意义相互关联的事情或观点在同一个句子内得以表达,从而使整个段落或篇章(一) 连接性副词 浑然一体,连贯流畅。

  连接性副词也被称为过渡词。它们的位置一般以句首居多。连接性副词承上启下,能够令读者对后续的句子产

  生心理上的期待和准备,因此整个篇章会因它们而紧凑连贯。常见的连接性副词有:also, furthermore, in addition, additionally, hopefully, meanwhile, however, instead, in other words, in brief, in a word, in my opinion, on the whole等等。例如:

  1. We have many things to do. We believe we can finish before the day is over. (使用连接性副词:

  We have quite a lot to do. Hopefully, we will be able to finish before the day is over.)

  2. The boy comes from a poor family. The boy does very well in his studies. The boy plans to work

  his way through college. (使用连接性副词:Even though he comes from a poor family, the boy does

  (二) 使用从属连词 very well in his studies; furthermore, he plans to work his way through college.)

  常见的从属连词有after, as, when, while, as long as, as soon as等。例如:

  1. You work hard and never give up. You will succeed in your studies. (使用从属连词:So long as

  you work hard, you will succeed in your studies.)

  2. The teacher came in. the students were quiet. (使用从属连词:The students were quiet as soon as

  the teacher came in.)

  四、 如何理解“语言的得体性”

  评分标准要求考生应注意“语言得体性”,就是要求在表达时根据说话的对象、时间、地点、场合等因素来选

  (一) 体裁和题材对得性的要求

  不同体裁和题材的文章有不同的用语要求。比如,书面通知中就不适合用“I will tell you a piece of good news.”或“May I have your attention, please?”等句子。这些句子只有在口头通知中才算得体的语句。2003

  年高考的书面表达要求“你”给一位外国朋友回信,介绍“你”帮他找的一套出租房。相当一部分考生没有理解“你”与说话对象的关系,所以话语中没有给对方提出异议的余地,叙述的方式和口吻上缺乏礼貌性,像“The house is very suitable for you.”等语句显得相当主观,若改为“Do you think it is suitable for you? If not, I will try again.”就比较得体。

  另外, 英语中还有正式语和非正式语,书面语和口头语之分。写作前,还应该认真分析题目的体裁,根据不同

  的体裁,确定用语的类别。正式用语或书面语的句子结构严格遵循语法规则,所采用的单词使用频率不是很高,比如:permit, inform, discover, depart等词都属于正式用语;而非正式用语或口头用语则较多地 3 择使用恰当的英语语言。

  高考英语写作方法

  近几年来全国英语高考试卷中的写作题目主要是:记人、叙事、写信、通知或看图作文等。大多为记叙文、议论文和应用文。高考英语写作是高考试题中对考生来说相对比较难的一题,高考英语写作主要考查考生综合运用语言的能力。这主要要求考生根据所给的情景和要求写一篇书面材料,但是,它并不是要求考生按照试题里的“提示”进行逐句翻译,而是要求考生在充分领会“提示”的前提下,用自己的语言写成一篇内容充实、语言正确、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文。在写作时,考生应注意以下几点:

  (1)写记叙文时要有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素,写作的时候要明白清楚地写出来。写人物时,要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生的经过与发展的结果,写清楚事情发生的前因后果等。

  (2)写议论文时要求考生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来阐述自己的看法。议论文应由论点、论据、论证三部分构成。

  (3)高考英语应用文主要以写信为主。写英文书信要注意它们的书写格式,格式一定要正确。英文书信主要由6个部分组成,即:信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。信的正文和写文章一样,要分段落写,每一段要有一个中心思想。在写作中,首先,要根据试题里的“提示”确定一个写作中心,再根据这个中心,列出写作提纲,提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点,同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。然后,用自己熟悉的词汇与句型扩展成篇。自己不熟悉的词汇与句型能换则换,一定不要用,以免用错扣分。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题。千万不要写那些与主题无关的内容。扩展时要注意短文的字数,要写够100个词语,以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。也不要扩展得太多,字数达到要求既可,以免浪费时间或出现更多的错误而扣分。

  那么,在最后的冲刺时间里,不管是什么类型的文章,在具体的写作过程中,我们均可以按如下四大步骤进行强化训练,从而提高写作技巧,解决问题:

  步骤一:认真审题立意,确定写作中心。找出根据这个中心能够扩展的材料有哪些,要避免那些与中心内容无关的细节。

  以命题作文“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例,文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位同学,因而就不能泛泛谈论这位同学的家庭关系、社会背景等,而要紧紧抓住这位同学身上能够吸引你的地方展开去。

  步骤二:围绕中心,列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景、要点,同时尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。仍以“The Classmate I Admire Most”为例,提纲可以这样写:

  ① Who is the Classmate I admire most?

  ② My reasons. (Some Examples)

  ③ What can I learn from the classmate。

  步骤三,根据字数要求,扩展成篇。有几个可以遵循的规律,供大家参考:

  1、在整篇文章中,努力避免只是用一、两个句式。要灵活运用各种句式。如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等。

  2、使用不同长度的句子,通过分句和合句,增强句子地连贯性和表现力。

  3、改变句子的开头方式,不要一味以主、谓、宾、状的次序,可以把状语置于句首,或用分词等。

  4、学会使用关联词。如:

  ① 递进关系: furthermore; moreover; further; In this way ;still; not only...but also...; not...but...; in addition (to);etc。

  ② 转折关系:but; even so; however; though; even though; etc。

  ③ 归纳总结类:in other words; on the whole; in sum; therefore; hence; in short; to sum up; in conclusion; in summary; etc。

  ④ 强调关系:in fact; especially; particularly; moreover; naturally; what is more important; in reality; indeed; in particular; etc。

  ⑤ 对照(不同点):yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither ... nor; although; though; but; however; etc。

  ⑥ 并列关系: and; also; as well as; either...,or...;both...and... etc。

  ⑦ 先后次序关系:at this time; first; second; at last; previously; simultaneously; last but not least; to begin with; etc。

  ⑧ 结果关系:accordingly; thus; consequently; thereupon; etc。

  ⑨ 顺序关系: at the outset,following this; at this time; etc。

  ⑩ 重申关系:in other words; that is to say; as I have said; etc。

  5、尽量避免重复使用同一单词或词组。

  步骤四、利用最后的时间做“机械性”写作练习,强化记忆。例如:常用的应用文如通知、书信等都有其固定的格式及写作技巧,读懂具体内容,然后把内容套进特定的格式中去,就是一篇条理清楚的书面表达了。比方说:通知要掌握:

  ①通知的对象、地点、时间及要做的事情;

  ②要注意的事项;

  ③写上“Don’t be late”或“Be on time”(口头通知前还要写上Boys and girls或Ladies and gentlemen,may I have your attention, please?等一类句子)。

  例如:

  Class 1 and Class 2 are going to plant trees on Western Hills. We’ll take a bus to go there. Please bring lunch and water with you. Remember to wear old clothes as we’ll do a lot of hard work. We’ll meet in front of the school gate at nine o’clock. Don’t be late。

  

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