A,Study,of,the,Impact,of,PE,Optional,Courses,on,Female,College,Students’,Fitness,Health|on the point of

　　Abstract. In order to study the impact of PE optional courses on female college students’ fitness health, this paper respectively explores into the impact of such PE optional courses as dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton, Taekwondo by means of experimentation, measurement, and mathematical statistics, etc. And as can be seen from its results, the influence of these courses on female college students’ fitness health differs greatly from each other―basketball courses can enhance students’ quality of explosive force more than badminton; Taekwondo can improve their strength quality more than dancesport does; and compared with Taekwondo, dancesport, volleyball courses perform better in boosting students’ function of respiratory system; while as for other qualities and functions, as well as the body shape development, these courses have not shown a significant difference. And it is suggested that further study should be conducted on the causes and inherent laws of such significant differences in the impact of PE optional courses on students’ fitness health, so as to provide some reference to the theory and practice of PE optional courses.
　　Key words: PE optional course；female college student； fitness health； physical fitness
　　
　　
　　With the deepening of college PE teaching reforms, PE optional courses have already turned into a basic organizational form of PE and health curriculum in regular colleges and exhibited a unique charm, favored by a wide range of students. Yet what is the impact on female college students’ fitness health of different optional courses? And how can curriculum management and practice efficiently regulate and control different items of teaching? It is always a crucial issue to correctly guide students to select courses independently on scientific grounds. And this paper, through comparison and contrast between the results of a year’s experiment on the variational influence on female college students’ fitness health of such PE optional courses as dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo, tends to provide some reference to the theory and practice of PE optional courses.
　　
　　1.Study Objects and Methodology
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　　1.1.Study objects
　　Female college students enrolled in 2010 at South China Business School, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies.
　　1.2.Methodology
　　1.2.1. Experimentation
　　a. Opening up PE optional courses in the sophomore year, bringing 1700 female college students enrolled in 2010 into the curriculum, which includes ball sports, aerobics and dancesport and traditional ethnic sports, selecting those taking the courses of dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo as study objects, and conducting teaching in accordance with the optional course teaching program, with 72 class hours for each course.
　　b. Conducting a uniform fitness health assessment after the abovementioned optional courses―following the evaluation methods in the Student Fitness Health Standard issued by the Ministry of Education and State General Administration of Sports, random selecting 500 students from the 1700 that have chosen these courses, 100 for each course (including 240 born in cities and 260 from suburban areas), carrying out five tests of height and weight, 800-meter running, vital capacity, sit-up and standing long jump, aimed at five different fitness health indices.
　　c.Testing Instruments: Huaxia-Huihai fitness health standard assessment system.
　　d. Testing Time: November, 2010―November, 2011.
　　1.2.2. Mathematical statistics
　　The study is going to use the SPSS 13.0 mathematical statistics analysis software package to conduct an analysis of variance and then a multiple comparative tests on the results gained.
　　
　　2. Results and Analysis
　　2.1.Assessment contents, indices and common assessment indices
　　According to the assessment standards drawn up by the Research Group of Students’ Fitness Health Standard, Ministry of Education and State General Administration of Sports, the study selects five test indices from the three general types of body shape, body function and body quality, as the basic standards for the assessment process, in order to reveal female college students’ fitness health changes from various aspects. The selected assessment indices and common assessment indices can be referred to Table 1.
　　Table 1 Selected Assessment Indices and Common Assessment Indices
　　
　　2.2.Impact of optional courses on female college students’ body shape and analysis
　　Body shape is a fitness health index much concerned among female college students, who are always in pursuit of building a strong and handsome figure. The selected BMI is an objective index for a comprehensive assessment of the body shape. It is revealed in Table 2 that female students who choose courses of dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo mostly have a standard weight or lower weight than the standard; the proportion of lower weight, overweight and obesity in Taekwondo classes is higher, followed by badminton and basketball. The comparison analysis of variation of female college students choosing the five PE optional courses (F=1.02, P>0.05) manifests that dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo courses all have a good effect on the development of college students’ body shape, without any overall significant difference between different items (see Table 2).
　　Table 2 Impact Comparison of Optional Courses on Female College Students’ Body Shape
　　2.3.Impact of optional courses on female college students’ body function and analysis
　　Body function is an important index in reflecting female college students’ function quality of their visceral systems and a core component of physical health. This study selects 800-meter running, which reflects the function of the cardiovascular system after a certain quantity of exercise stress, and vital capacity-weight index, which can illustrate an overall function of one’s respiratory system. From Table 3, it can be concluded that according to the 800-meter running scores of the female college students that choose PE optional courses, they all have their function of the cardiovascular system beyond the passing line, and those in volleyball and basketball classes with even higher excellence ratios; the comparison test of variance among the five courses shows no significant difference (P>0.05); and the multiple comparative test exhibits none either (P>0.05). Thus it is proved that all the five courses exert a good influence on female college students’ function development of the cardiovascular system (see Table 3).
　　Table 3 Impact Comparison of Optional Courses on Female College Students’ Body Function
　　
　　From Table 4, we can see that the female college students’ vital capacity scores are all distributed beyond the passing line, with volleyball and basketball having a high excellence ratio; dancesport, badminton and Taekwondo have a high good ratio, with badminton having a fail ratio of only 3% and that of other courses at 0%. The F test among the five courses (P>0.05) proves that all of them exert a good influence on students’ development of respiratory function; further multiple comparison test shows that there exists a significant difference between dancesport and Taekwondo, and also between volleyball and Taekwondo, which testifies that the courses of dancesport and volleyball play a better role in improving students’ development of respiratory function (see Table 4).
　　Table 4 Impact Comparison of Optional Courses on Female College Students’ Function of the Respiratory System
　　
　　2.4.Impact of optional courses on female college students’ body quality and analysis
　　Sit-up (times per minute) and standing long jump are chosen as the assessment indices in evaluating students’ strength quality and explosive forces quality respectively. The study shows that the female college students’ sit-up scores (times per minute) are distributed in excellence, good and pass regions, with Taekwondo, badminton and basketball having a relatively higher excellence ratio, and volleyball a higher good ratio. The test of mean variance (F=1.28, P>0.05) proves that all the five PE optional courses have a good influence on students’ development of their strength quality. Further multiple test analysis reveals that female students that choose dancesport and Taekwondo courses have significant difference in their sit-up scores, which testifies that the Taekwondo course can better improve students’ development of their strength quality than dancesport, besides which, there exists no significant difference in the impact on body function among other courses (see Table 5).
　　Table 5 Impact Comparison of Optional Courses on Female College Students’ Strength Quality
　　
　　It is shown in Table 6 that the female college students’ explosive force quality scores are mainly distributed beyond the passing line, with basketball having a high excellence ratio, and volleyball and Taekwondo a relatively high good ratio; students choosing basketball or volleyball courses generally have a better explosive force. There is a significant difference among students choosing the five optional courses (P 　　Table 6 Impact Comparison of Optional Courses on Female College Students’ Explosive Force
　　
　　3. Conclusion
　　Firstly, the optional courses of dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo all have good effects on female college students’ development of body shape and the cardiovascular system function;
　　Secondly, the optional courses of dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo all exert good impacts on female college students’ development of body function, among which, dancesport and volleyball having even better effects on students’ development of their respiratory system function than volleyball and Taekwondo;
　　Thirdly, the optional courses of dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo have significantly differences in improving female college students’ strength quality, with the Taekwondo course having better effects than dancesport, and badminton than volleyball;
　　Fourthly, the optional courses of dancesport, basketball, volleyball, badminton and Taekwondo have significantly differences in improving female college students’ explosive force quality, with the basketball course having better effects than dancesport and Taekwondo, and the comparison between basketball and badminton is especially meaningful;
　　Lastly, the results of the study show that though there is no malnutrition among female college students, those with “lower weight” and “higher weight” still account for a certain proportion.
　　
　　4.Conclusion
　　A good fitness health is the basis for female college students’ development in an all-round way, therefore PE curriculum in colleges and universities should above all focus on improving students’ fitness, and at the same time, enhance their comprehensive qualities of mental health and social adaptation, bringing forth an interactive effect among the three. Further exploration into the causes and inherent laws of the significant differences in the impact of PE optional courses on students’ fitness features, so as to provide a basis for more scientific regulation and control. It is suggested that in the teaching of PE optional courses, exercise on body qualities should be arranged according to the characteristics of various sports and those of the students themselves, in order that female college students willbe able to accomplish an overall development in their body qualities.
　　
　　5. References
　　[1]Ayingga. “A Study of the Impact of PE Optional Courses on Students’ Development of Body Quality in Colleges and Universities.” Journal of Nanjing Institute of Physical Education, Vol.4 (9-13), 1998.
　　[2]Lin Jiebin, Liu Mingde. Statistics Model Structure of SPSS11.0. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2004.
　　[3]Liu Jin, Li Wei, et al. “A Study of the Impact of Five PE Optional Courses on Improving Female College Students’ Fitness Health Changes.” Journal of Beijing University of Physical Education, Vol.10, 2005.
　　[4]Research Group of Students’ Fitness Health Standard, Ministry of Education and State General Administration of Sports. Interpretation of Students’ Fitness Health Standard. Beijing: People’s Education Press, 2002.
　　[5]Xu Weidong. “Impact of Different PE Optional Courses on Students’ Body Qualities in Colleges and Universities.” Liaoning Sports Technology, Vol.1 (1375-1377), 2004.

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