[Discussion,On,Management,And,Leadership,Similarities,And,Differences]《On And On》

　　Abstract. Management and leadership is often confused, in fact, they have established contact and difference. In this thesis, through the method of comparative analysis of the link between management and leadership as well as different from each other are described.
　　Key words:management; leadership; relationship
　　
　　
　　1.The Concept Of Management And Leadership
　　In real life and work, people often leadership and management as synonymous; in fact, the two differ greatly. First, we look at the concept of management and leadership. This article refers to the concept of "management refers to a certain degree of organization, management of the main information access, decision making, planning, organization, leadership, control and innovation functions of the play to be allocated to coordinate everything, including human resources, can call resources to achieve the goal of the single individual can not be completed. "from the concept can be seen that the carrier of the management organization, the nature of activities or processes, objects, including human resources that the resources (including raw materials, personnel resources, land, equipment, customer information, etc.), functions, access to information, decision making, planning, organization, leadership, control and innovation, and management objectives in order to realize the power of alone a single individual can not be achieved the set targets. Fayal management functions are divided into planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and control, and then people will be divided into planning, organization, leadership and control. Visible leadership can be seen as one of the functions of management. Look at the concept of leadership. This article refers to the concept of leadership is to guide, lead, guide and motivate the efforts of subordinates to achieve the target. "From this definition it can be seen that the three elements of leadership: leaders must have subordinates or followers; leader has influence followers of the ability or strength, both the leader"s position and authority conferred by the organization, including the influence of individual leaders, specifically including those resulting from the influence of the leader have the expertise or special skills, from the followers recognized by personal experience, the influence of character, or example; the leadership down to achieve the organizational goals by influencing the Department. In fact, leadership is constituted by a variety of elements of a unified complex, is the leader, be combined with each other by the leaders and their common role in the leadership environment, interaction, active process of achievement of established goals.
　　The leader is not a country, and in-house top of a few people. In charge of various levels within an institution need to play their leadership and management skills, can adapt to the rapid development of social and productive needs. The leader is not necessarily the holder of the position and authority. There are actually a lot of positions and power holders are not the leader.
　　The leader is not a natural leader skills can be acquired through training and practice. Especially in the highly developed modern educational society, hoping to become a leader can do. Leader in an institution and groups can play a decisive role can not be ignored - not because of their position and authority, but their ideals and beliefs.
　　
　　2.Contact Of The Management And Leadership
　　2.1.Leadership In Science Is A Branch Of Management Science
　　18th century to 19th century industrial revolution in the modern sense of the machine-based factory to become a reality, the factory and the company"s management has become increasingly prominent, and laid the foundation for the generation of management theory. 1911 published in the United States, Fred W Taylor, "Principles of Scientific Management," a series of monographs as a symbol, the prelude of the Western scientific management theory, marks the business management of the Western capitalist countries began to experience management transformation of scientific management, and the management theory of this period is called "scientific management theory. In the 1930s, Mayo, etc. through the famous Hawthorne experiments, on the basis of scientific management theory of "economic man hypothesis" was questioned and made a "social hypothesis" based on behavioural science theory. Therefore, we can say that the behavioural science theory, including later the formation of an independent disciplinary system - leading a new stage of development after the scientific management theory, management science, a branch of the system, but also one of the mainstream school of Western management theory.
　　2.2.The Ultimate Goal Of Consistency
　　Management through the coordination of human, financial, material and other types of resources rationally and effectively organize themselves so that normal operation, and completed the goal, is leadership by setting goals, and through the guide, inspire subordinates and thus play to their initiative to achieve the desired objectives. Seen is consistent with its ultimate goal should be to achieve the stated objectives of the organization.
　　2.3.Emphasized the "people-oriented"
　　Management of human nature is the trend of the development of management theory, competition between organizations is the ultimate talent competition between. Although the management of the objects can be material, personnel, resources, land, equipment, customer and information management centre. Object leadership organization, through guidance, motivation to achieve organizational goals.
　　2.4.Can Not Be Separated In The Process Of Management Activities
　　The goals of management activities can not be separated from the leadership behaviour, the strengthening and improvement of leadership behaviour can not be divorced from the management practice of deepening. Leaders need to establish goals and vision, and designed a series of plans and methods of implementation of the objectives. Then, manage the further design of the specific items to complete the task, re-enact the plan and the management and evaluation measures and standards, the existing rational allocation of resources, through mandatory to complete the task, to establish and maintain a capable staff and command a degree of, and actively improve the organization, work hard and do a good job with the members of the communication, interpretation, persuasion. Finally, the management through formal and informal channels, the completion of assessment and review the work and leadership through incentives based on the task is completed, encouraged by the way the leader to further support the organizational goals and understanding. In this process, the leadership and management of mutual perfect complement each other, the two systems: management further design is to complement the goals and vision established by the leadership and improvement of the leadership to inspire, motivate members to the right organization the key goal.
　　2.5.All Need To Have Certain Ability
　　Leader is responsible for the overall situation, external communication and cooperation; local managers responsible for internal communication management. Both just outside, global and local points, what had happened and to deal with the affairs of the ever-changing, are unpredictable, which requires leaders and managers must have a certain ability to cope with the overall quality of the psychological qualities and social skills, and must pass to perfect the job. Social development today, the role of each in social circles is not only a variety of roles are diverse, relative, at any time may be mutually change. Therefore, obtained a seat foothold in today"s rapid economic development of society, we all need to continuously improve their overall quality level and professional level.
　　
　　3.The Difference Between Management And Leadership
　　Bennis, American scholars believe that the main difference between the manager and leader: the manager is to control, and the leader is good at innovation; managers is an imitation of the leader is the original creator; managers follow the beaten track, a leader in the pursuit of development; management rely on control, leaders create a trust; managers is short-sighted, ambitious leader; the manager asked what to do and when to do it, leaders ask what and why do; managers the immediate, leaders look to the future; managers to accept status quo, leaders challenge the status quo; managers are obedient soldiers, leaders are their own masters; managers accustomed to doing things right, leaders pay attention to doing the right thing.
　　The difference is as follows:
　　3.1.The Main Requirements Of The Management And Leadership Are Different
　　Management focuses on the implementation of the decision-making, implementation, leadership focuses on decision making. It was suggested that the leading non-procedural decision-making, management, procedures for decision-making. "Programmed decision by the management in general, in accordance with certain rules and regulations, leaders should concentrate on the non-programmed decision-making, attention to find solutions to a variety of new problems. Leader is to chair the organization for positive change, to open up a new situation, in order to promote the dynamic evolution of the group or organization system mainly through the guide, the impact of incentives, group or organization to set goals to guide the direction to create advantages. Therefore, the leaders asked to do the right thing, and know how to do. Desire, on task and accustomed to see things from the outside, like the frontline know how to say. Managers while maintaining dynamic stability of the group or organization mainly to select the working methods of operations, arrangements for the allocation of system activity for the group or organization, group or organization to maintain the original order, to complete the mission objectives of the organization. Management requirements of doing things, and know what to do. There are views on the task. Like lofty, know what to say, like muddling along. Action is conservative, concerned about doing things correctly.
　　3.2.The Object Of The Management And Leadership Is Different
　　The object of management is constituted by the elements of raw materials, personnel, resources, land, equipment, customer information, etc. "resource system", the leadership of the object is. Point of view, the leader has followers, and management has subordinates. Work initiative of the leader and his followers also take the initiative to work, managers the system constraints, passive work of subordinates. Therefore, the creativity of the team has essentially different.
　　"Impact" perspective, management"s influence is mainly dependent on the powers conferred on the organization have the right, no right to laid-off "in the post; Kong have the right, non-Gang no right". Leader"s influence is inherent to carry, nothing to do with the job, more dependent on the influence of non-service, such as character, ability, knowledge, emotions, sense of responsibility. Positions can not be asking a person to take a leading role, but the post of leader can play a role.
　　Management experience, the system can be introduced, but the leadership must be self-temper and training.
　　3.3.The Structure Of The Power Is Different
　　The powers of the managers is to build legitimate, paid and mandatory power base, the corresponding members of the organization to obey orders and obey scheduling, work according to established procedures. The leader"s powers include the right to personal expertise, which produce the leader has the expertise or special skills; the right to personal influence, from the followers recognized the power of personal experience, character, or example; leader held management positions conferred the powers of the management system. The power of the leader is to build more above the personal charisma and the art of leadership, leaders are consciously and voluntarily follow, and struggle toward organizational objectives.
　　3.4.Management And Leadership Focus On Different
　　Manage more focus on the specific production process of working hours, pay attention to formal rules and regulations. Requires formal rules and regulations to guide the staff, whose purpose is so that the behaviour of employees normalization, standardization, requirements of the strict rules and regulations. Managers more emphasis on a program and the stability of the management is always around the planning, organization, guidance, supervision and control of these elements to complete, this is the management of the five elements; but the leader is not the same, he stressed that a proper adventure, this adventure may lead to higher returns. A manager is only a carrier of power. In this era, one would simply use their power to control, supervision of subordinates and thereby creating a level and communication barriers managers must be eliminated; a leader in addition to have the power, he also has the prestige of that authority is a leader in power and culture combined with the integrated use of the results. Only make their power to become the authoritative leader only likely to succeed. Through the use of a series of incentive theory, lead, and guide subordinates to work to achieve the target.
　　3.5.Management And Leadership Of The Practice Different Characteristics
　　Management focuses on the implementation of decisions, follow orders, organizational strength to complete the task; leadership is focused on decision-making and the employer, to promote career development.
　　3.6.Management And Leadership Of The Different Results
　　The result of the management is to achieve the desired program to a certain extent to maintain order, to enable enterprises to normal operation; and the leadership of the result is caused by the change, usually in dramatic changes, and a very positive potential for change. In short, the functions of management and leadership at the same time the role of management activities complement each other and influence each other, inseparable. The same time, both of which there is a clear difference between the different behaviour, both contact and the same point, there are differences and different, not the two equate.
　　
　　4. References
　　[1]ZHOU Sanduo, management [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2000,199 ~ 201. [2].
　　[2]LIANG Zhongming, the leadership of the General Theory [M] Beijing: Peking University Press, 2007,3 ~ 7.
　　[3]Harold Koontz, Heinz Weihrich, management [M]. Beijing: Economic Science Press, 1993
　　[4]John Walcott, the forces of change [M]. Beijing: China Press, 1997.

推荐访问:Management discussion Leadership Differences