and和with的区别【Fans,with,Calligraphy,and,Illustrations】

　　 　　 Fans have a history of over 3000 years in China. Fans not only make you feel cool in the hot summer days, but fans with calligraphy and illustrations are delicate crafts themselves. According to anecdotes and historical documents, many Chinese celebrities throughout the ages have forged intimate connections to their fans.
　　Su Dongpo, a noted poet in the Song Dynasty, composed many wellknow poems about fans. As the story goes, when Su Dongpo was an official in Hangzhou city, a fan-maker was sued for his failure to repay a debt of 20,000 copper coins. Feeling sympathy for the poor man, Su Dongpo asked for 20 fans and drew on them. As soon as the fan-maker stepped out of Su’s residence with the painted fans in hands, people scrambled to buy them, with a price of 1000 copper coins each. Soon, with this money, the fan-maker repaid his debt.
　　The famous calligrapher Wang Xizhi once inscribed fans for an old female fan- seller in Shaoxing city. Since his running script appeared to be disordered, the old woman thought the fans were all damaged and unable to sell out. However, Wang promised her that the fan was now worth nine times more than its original price, which was later proved to be true. Those fans were all sold out quickly, beyond the old woman’s expectation.
　　In Peach Blossom Fan, a play written by Kong Shangren in early Qing Dynasty, the fan serves as the central part of the storyline of the whole play. With subjects such as giving a fan as a keepsake, spattering blood on the fan resembling a red peach blossom, draw- ing on the fan, sending the fan and tearing the fan, the fan takes us through a five-chaptered tragic story.
　　Qi Baishi was fond of drawing on fans with golden painting materials. The white camellia he drew was especially vivid and splendid. He would also write short poems on fans to show his criticism of the society.
　　Mei Lanfang paid particular attention to “fan work” (a basic opera skill) in playacting. With the aid of a folding fan, he could imitate the pretty and charming magnificent concubine character in Drunken Concubine. He collected hundreds of famous fans, among which most were Xiangfei bamboo fans. Xiangfei bamboo is a precious variety of bamboo mainly produced in Hunan and Fujian provinces. A round silk fan was given by to him by the worldrenowned poet Tagore after he had watched Mei’s performance. On the fan is the inscription from Tagore , where both English and Bengali letters were written in Chinese brush.
　　Writer Lao She was keen on collecting fans with calligraphy and paintings on them. For decades he gathered several hundred fans, some of which have inscriptions and paintings of celebrities from the Ming and Qing dynasties. He was much more attracted by fans with calligraphy and paintings of famous drama actors, such as Mei Langfang, Cheng Yanqiu and Xun Huisheng.
　　Guo Moruo, a Chinese literary giant, was also an excellent painter. In his early years, he drew an orchid on the silk surface of a sandalwood fan. In 1951, when livistona fans produced in Guangdong province won the Gold Award at the Panama Exposition, Guo Moruo composed a poem which gave high praise for the fans.
　　Writer Zheng Yimei was addicted to fans. He praised them as art treasures where delicate calligraphy and paintings could be found. Impacted by the famous painter and collector Zhao Mianyun, Zheng collected fans for decades. Throughout his life, Zheng Yimei possessed nearly 400 fans with calligraphy or paintings of famous people on their delicate panels. The one he trea- sured most is a fan with a poem written by Zhang Taiyan and a green plum tree painted by Wu Hufan.
　　The famous contemporary female writer Ye Wenling was also fond of collecting fans. Among her collection, there is one which is particularly remarkable. On the fan, you can find a variety of handwritings and drawings left by dozens of cultural celebrities such as Liu Haisu, Feng Youlan, Hua Junwu and Cao Yu.
　　Editor’s note: - This reads like a shopping list/inventory. There is no cultural context for fans, what they do orhow they are used. This reads like a list of fan collectors. You need some context, some story, some tension, otherwise noone will read it! None of these fan owners are known to us, so there needs to be another point of interest in order to make it worthwhile reading. At the moment there is no angle.

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